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Haile Selassie I (, ''qädamawi haylä səllasé''; ) , born Tafari Makonnen Woldemikael, was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He also served as Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity from 25 May 1963 to 17 July 1964 and 5 November 1966 to 11 September 1967. He was a member of the Solomonic Dynasty. At the League of Nations in 1936, the Emperor condemned the use of chemical weapons by Italy against his people during the Second Italo–Ethiopian War.〔Safire, William (1997). ''Lend Me Your Ears: Great Speeches in History''. W.W. Norton. ISBN 0393040054. pp. 297–8.〕 His internationalist views led to Ethiopia's becoming a charter member of the United Nations, and his political thought and experience in promoting multilateralism and collective security have proved seminal and enduring.〔Karsh, Efraim (1988) ''Neutrality and Small States''. Routledge. ISBN 0415005078. p. 112.〕 His suppression of rebellions among the landed aristocracy (the ''mesafint''), which consistently opposed his reforms, as well as what some critics perceived to be Ethiopia's failure to modernize rapidly enough,〔Meredith, Martin (2005). ''The Fate of Africa: From the Hopes of Freedom to the Heart of Despair''. Public Affairs. ISBN 1586483986. pp. 212–3.〕 earned him criticism among some contemporaries and historians.〔(Rebellion and Famine in the North under Haile Selassie ), Human Rights Watch〕 His regime was also criticized by human rights groups, such as Human Rights Watch, as autocratic and illiberal.〔〔Jonathan Dimbleby, in ''(Feeding on Ethiopia's Famine )'' in ''The Independent'', 8 December 1998〕 Among the Rastafari movement, whose followers are estimated at between two and four million, Haile Selassie is revered as the returned messiah of the Bible, God incarnate.〔Adherents.com: (''Major religions ranked by size – Rastafarian'' )〕 Beginning in Jamaica in the 1930s, the Rastafari movement perceives Haile Selassie as a messianic figure who will lead a future golden age of eternal peace, righteousness, and prosperity.〔Sullivan, Michael, C. (2005) ''In Search of a Perfect World''. AuthorHouse. ISBN 1420841610. p. 86.〕 Haile Selassie was an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian throughout his life. Haile Selassie is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history.〔Erlich, Haggai (2002) ''The Cross and the River: Ethiopia, Egypt, and the Nile''. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1555879705. p. 192.〕〔Murrell, p. 148.〕 Haile Selassie died on 27 August 1975 at the age of 83 following a Coup d'etat.〔(Haile Selassie of Ethiopia dies at 83 )〕 ==Name== Haile Selassie was known as a child as Lij Tafari Makonnen (Amharic ; ''lij teferī mekōnnin''). ''Lij'' translates to "child", and serves to indicate that a youth is of noble blood. His given name, ''Tafari'', means "one who is respected or feared". Like most Ethiopians, his personal name Tafari is followed by that of his father Makonnen and rarely that of his grandfather Woldemikael. His Ge'ez name Haile Selassie was given to him at his infant baptism and adopted again as part of his regnal name in 1930. As Governor of Harer, he became known as Ras Teferi Makonnen . ''Ras'' translates to "head"〔Murrell, pp. 172–3.〕 and is a rank of nobility equivalent to ''Duke'';〔''My Life and Ethiopia's Progress''. Vol. 2, 1999, p. xiii.〕 though it is often rendered in translation as "prince". In 1916, Empress Zewditu I appointed him to the position of ''Balemulu Silt'an Enderase'' (Regent Plenipotentiary). In 1928, she granted him the throne of Shoa, elevating his title to ''Negus'' or "King".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.africamediaonline.com/mmc/gallery/detail/african_calendar/haile-selasie:-120th-aniversary-of-his-birth )〕 On 2 November 1930, after the death of Empress Zewditu, Ras Tafari was crowned ''Negusa Nagast'', literally King of Kings, rendered in English as "Emperor". Upon his ascension, he took as his regnal name Haile Selassie I. ''Haile'' means in Ge'ez "Power of" and ''Selassie'' means trinity—therefore ''Haile Selassie'' roughly translates to "Power of the Trinity".〔Murrell, p. 159.〕 Haile Selassie's full title in office was "By the Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, King of Kings of Ethiopia, Elect of God".〔Lee V. (1983, July) The Roots of Rastafari. ''Yoga Journal No. 51''. ISSN 0191-0965. p. 18〕 This title reflects Ethiopian dynastic traditions, which hold that all monarchs must trace their lineage to Menelik I, who in the Ethiopian tradition was the offspring of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.〔Ghai, Yash P. (2000) ''Autonomy and Ethnicity: Negotiating Competing Claims in Multi-Ethnic States''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521786428. p. 176.〕 To Ethiopians, Haile Selassie has been known by many names, including Janhoy, Talaqu Meri, and Abba Tekel. The Rastafari movement employs many of these appellations, also referring to him as Jah, Jah Rastafari, and HIM (the abbreviation of "His Imperial Majesty").〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Haile Selassie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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